> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://chasethestar.gitbook.io/ko.learn-rxjs/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://chasethestar.gitbook.io/ko.learn-rxjs/rxjs/operators/combination/combinelatest.md).
# combineLatest
#### signature: `combineLatest(observables: ...Observable, project: function): Observable`
## When any observable emits a value, emit the last emitted value from each.
***
π‘ [combineAll](/ko.learn-rxjs/rxjs/operators/combination/combineall.md) can be used to apply combineLatest to emitted observables when a source completes!
***
### Why use `combineLatest`?
This operator is best used when you have multiple, long-lived observables that rely on each other for some calculation or determination. Basic examples of this can be seen in [example three](#example-3-combining-events-from-2-buttons), where events from multiple buttons are being combined to produce a count of each and an overall total, or a [calculation of BMI](http://reactivex.io/rxjs/class/es6/Observable.js~Observable.html#instance-method-combineLatest) from the RxJS documentation.
Be aware that **`combineLatest` will not emit an initial value until each observable emits at least one value**. This is the same behavior as [`withLatestFrom`](/ko.learn-rxjs/rxjs/operators/combination/withlatestfrom.md) and can be a *gotcha* as there will be no output and no error but one (or more) of your inner observables is likely not functioning as intended, or a subscription is late.
Lastly, if you are working with observables that only emit one value, or you only require the last value of each before completion, [`forkJoin`](/ko.learn-rxjs/rxjs/operators/combination/forkjoin.md) is likely a better option.
[](https://ultimatecourses.com/courses/rxjs?ref=4)
### Examples
**Example 1: Combining observables emitting at 3 intervals**
( [StackBlitz](https://stackblitz.com/edit/typescript-vadvm2?file=index.ts\&devtoolsheight=100) )
```js
// RxJS v6+
import { timer, combineLatest } from 'rxjs';
// timerOne emits first value at 1s, then once every 4s
const timerOne$ = timer(1000, 4000);
// timerTwo emits first value at 2s, then once every 4s
const timerTwo$ = timer(2000, 4000);
// timerThree emits first value at 3s, then once every 4s
const timerThree$ = timer(3000, 4000);
// when one timer emits, emit the latest values from each timer as an array
combineLatest(timerOne$, timerTwo$, timerThree$).subscribe(
([timerValOne, timerValTwo, timerValThree]) => {
/*
Example:
timerThree first tick: 'Timer One Latest: 0, Timer Two Latest: 0, Timer Three Latest: 0
timerOne second tick: 'Timer One Latest: 1, Timer Two Latest: 0, Timer Three Latest: 0
timerTwo second tick: 'Timer One Latest: 1, Timer Two Latest: 1, Timer Three Latest: 0
*/
console.log(
`Timer One Latest: ${timerValOne},
Timer Two Latest: ${timerValTwo},
Timer Three Latest: ${timerValThree}`
);
}
);
```
**Example 2: combineLatest with projection function**
( [StackBlitz](https://stackblitz.com/edit/typescript-prtbvd?file=index.ts\&devtoolsheight=100) )
```js
// RxJS v6+
import { timer, combineLatest } from 'rxjs';
const timerOne$ = timer(1000, 4000);
const timerTwo$ = timer(2000, 4000);
const timerThree$ = timer(3000, 4000);
combineLatest(
timerOne$,
timerTwo$,
timerThree$,
// combineLatest also takes an optional projection function
(one, two, three) => {
return `Timer One (Proj) Latest: ${one},
Timer Two (Proj) Latest: ${two},
Timer Three (Proj) Latest: ${three}`;
}
).subscribe(console.log);
```
**Example 3: Combining events from 2 buttons**
( [StackBlitz](https://stackblitz.com/edit/typescript-ihcxud?file=index.ts\&devtoolsheight=50) )
```js
// RxJS v6+
import { fromEvent, combineLatest } from 'rxjs';
import { mapTo, startWith, scan, tap, map } from 'rxjs/operators';
// elem refs
const redTotal = document.getElementById('red-total');
const blackTotal = document.getElementById('black-total');
const total = document.getElementById('total');
const addOneClick$ = id =>
fromEvent(document.getElementById(id), 'click').pipe(
// map every click to 1
mapTo(1),
// keep a running total
scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0),
startWith(0)
);
combineLatest(addOneClick$('red'), addOneClick$('black')).subscribe(
([red, black]: any) => {
redTotal.innerHTML = red;
blackTotal.innerHTML = black;
total.innerHTML = red + black;
}
);
```
**HTML**
```html